
This is a very readable, approachable translation of the Principal Upanishads, appropriate for someone seeking an introductory, non-intimidating primer. This is its strength, and also somewhat of a weakness. Also note that this is not a complete translation of the Upanishads, rather selections from each Upanishad. The brevity of the translations means that the core message is sought to be conveyed in the simplest of language, but this also means that some deeper, multi-layered interpretations are left out.
There is a brief Introduction, a short introduction to each Upanishad at the end of the chapter, and a lengthy, 50 page Afterword, written by Michael Nagler.
Excerpts:
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"The Upanishads are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings of Vedanta. ... The Upanishads speak of an universal spirit (Brahman) and of an individual soul (Atman), and at times assert the identity of both. Brahman is the ultimate, both transcendent and immanent, the absolute infinite existence, the sum total of all that ever is, was, or shall be. The mystical nature and intense philosophical bent of the Upanishads has led to their explication in numerous manners, giving birth to three main schools of Vedanta."
Brihadaryanaka Upanishad:
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The Self is indeed Brahman, but through ignorance people identify it with intellect, mind, senses, passions, and the elements of earth, water, air, space, and fire. This is why the Self is said to consist of this and that, and appears to be everything.
As a person acts, so he becomes in life. Those who do good become good; those who do harm become bad. Good deeds make one pure; bad deeds make one impure. So we are said to be what our desire is. As our desire is, so is our will. As our will, so are our acts. As we act, so we become. [4.4.5]
We live in accordance with our deep, driving desire. It is this desire at the time of death that determines what our next life is to be. We will come back to earth to work out the satisfaction of that desire. [4.4.6]
Mandukya Upanishad:
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One of the Upanishadic mahakavyas or "great sayings" occurs in the second verse: ayam atma brahma, "the Self if Brahman." ... Shankara declared that if one could only study a single Upanishad it should be this one; similarly in a late Upanishad, the Muktika ("Deliverance"), Rama appears and tells a devotee that "the Mandukya alone is sufficient for the deliverance of the aspirant,"... [page 59]
Chandogya Upanishad:
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VIII.13.1 From the Divine Dark to the manifest
To the Divine Dark I pass again.
As a horse shakes free its mane, I have
Shaken off evil. Freeing myself
From the bonds of birth and death as the moon
Escapes from Rahu's mouth, I have attained
The pure realm of Brahman; I have attained
The pure realm of Brahman.
Taittriya Upanishad:
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Part II, 7.1: Before the universe was created,
Braman existed as unmanifested.
Brahman brought the Lord out of himself;
Therefore he is called the Self-existent.
Mundaka Upanishad:
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I.2.8 Ignorant of their ignorance, yet wise
In their own esteem, these deluded men
Prouf of their vain learning go round and round
Like the blind led by the blind.
Katha Upanishad:
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2.3.3 Know the Self as lord of the chariot,
The body as the chariot itself,
The discriminating intellect as charioteer,
And the mind as reins.
2.3.4 The senses, say the wise, are the horses;
Selfish desires are the roads they travel.
When the Self is confused with the body,
Mind, and senses, they point out, he seems
To enjoy pleasure and suffer sorrow.
Notes on the Upanishads:
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A second meaning of Vedic includes three classes of texts which are soon attached to, and preserved with, their respective Samhitas. The first are the Brahamanas, lengthy descriptions of the Vedic rituals in a prose which is nearly that of classical Sanskrit .... Second is a smaller and more intriguing group of texts known as Aryanakas or "forest manuals," continuations of the Brahamanas but "dealing with the speculations and spirituality of forest dwellers ... those who have renounced the world." And third are the earliest Upanishads or "confidential sessions." [page 252]
... because they are handed down at the end of the Vedic collections and are meant to be learned and recited last by Vedic students, the Upanishads are classified as vedanta, "the end of the Vedas." [page 253]Get more detail about
The Upanishads.